SCSM Training Runs Are Back!

Standard Chartered Singapore Marathon is back with its Training Runs this year. For the first time since 2019, SCSM Training Runs are returning, accepting up to 250 runners per session.

SCSM also celebrates the return of the Marathon events, road racing and mass start. Taking place on 2 – 4 December, race organisers IRONMAN Asia, together with Running Department, are rolling out a series of Training Runs to help runners prepare for SCSM.

The training runs take place biweekly on Wednesdays and Saturdays, leading up to SCSM2022. All Saturday sessions will cover a longer distance. These training runs are part of a training programme that aims to optimise training, easing runners back into running safely post-pandemic.

Led by the PUMA pacers from Running Department, the public can choose to run with these pacer groups:

  • Marathon 42.195km – 4hrs 00min (05:40min/km)
  • Marathon 42.195km – 4hrs 30min (06:23min/km)
  • Marathon 42.195km – 5hrs 00min (07:07min/km)
  • Marathon 42.195km – 5hrs 00min (07:49min/km)
  • Half Marathon 21.1km – 2hrs 00min (05:40min/km)
  • Half Marathon 21.1km – 2hrs 15min (06:23min/km)
  • Half Marathon 21.1km – 2hrs 30min (07:07min/km)
  • Half Marathon 21.1km – 2hrs 15min (07:49min/km)

Running Department is a no-frills Singapore-based running community fueled by runners with a strong passion for running. Together with Coached, the training runs welcome all athletes of different age groups and levels.

Train with the PUMA Pacers by signing up for your preferred training run with these steps:

  1. Create a Running Department Train With Us account at https://www.runningdept.com/trainwithus/community-run.aspx
  2. Check in with your QR code
  3. Always have your mask on and mobile phone with you
  4. Registration opens on Sunday 12pm; before each Training Run

SCSM Training Runs are open to the public free of charge, on a first-come, first-served basis.

Registration for SCSM is still ongoing for all categories – Marathon 42.195km, Half Marathon 21.1km, 10km, 5km and Kids Dash. All categories will flag off from F1 Pit Building at their respective start times. Runners are encouraged to sign up early to secure race slots at the lowest price, as race slots are priced by tier, with each tier having a limited volume of slots available! All participants will receive their Runner’s Singlet by PUMA, as well as event medal upon completing the event.  

More details can be found on singaporemarathon.com. To receive the latest SCSM updates, subscribe to our SCSM socials on Facebook and Instagram @Sgmarathon.

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8 things muscle spasms reveal about your health

You’ve probably experienced a corked muscle, also known as a muscle spasm, and wondered why it happened. Muscle spasms tend to occur when a muscle is overworked or injured. Running long distances or hiking for a long time may cause leg spasms.

Muscle spasms are relatively normal, but sometimes they can be concerning. The following are several causes of muscle spasms and when you should seek immediate medical attention.

1) You exert yourself too much

There is a limit to how much your muscles can handle. Though there are often good remedies for muscle pain relief, sometimes you need something more. An overworked muscle while gardening, cleaning, or holding a child can cause muscle spasms in your back, leg, or neck. These muscles get fatigued and sore, and you’ll experience a spasm. You should rest, ice (to numb the pain) or heat (to relax the muscle), and even a gentle massage may help ease the pain.

2) A slipped disc

Back spasms are uncomfortable and difficult to diagnose. The spasm may be a disc issue if it lasts over three days and is painful or aggravated by coughing or sneezing. These spongy cushions between the vertebrae in your back can bulge and press on nerves. Also, watch out for pain that radiates down your legs or is accompanied by numbness or tingling. In those instances, you want to get to your doctor for further investigation.

3) It may be peripheral artery disease

Also called PAD, peripheral artery disease happens when plaque builds up in your arteries, most often in the legs. Your toes may feel numb, or you may experience pain. However, the cramping pain of a leg spasm begins as soon as the patient begins walking, according to Dr Hayden. When they stop, it goes away. “This is a sign that the muscle is quickly compromising its blood supply,” he explains, adding that it sets off a red flag that it may be PAD.

4) You are exhausted

You know how sometimes you get those crazy annoying eye spasms? It’s like your eyelid is going haywire. This refers more to twitching. Luckily, for the most part, it’s normal. There’s not a good understanding of the cause, but it may be fatigue, too much caffeine, or irritation in or around the eye. If it is persistent or affects your eyesight, see your doctor for further consultation.

5) You’re taking dehydrating meds

Some medications can leave you more prone to muscle spasms, and diuretics (or water pills) are one of them. These medications are designed to force your kidneys to work hard. When your body lets go of extra water, you may also throw off your electrolyte balance. This may deplete your potassium or magnesium, two nutrients necessary for proper muscle function. Consult your doctor about if switching to another med might help or if there are any lifestyle measures you can take. For instance, if you’re taking a medication that prompts you to lose potassium, you may want to eat more potassium-rich foods like bananas.

6) You slept in an awkward position

Stretch your back before you sleep, massage it, and stay active. However, you may call your doctor to express your concerns if you’re worried. However, if the back pain hasn’t subsided in two weeks, you need to make an appointment for a check-up.

7) It’s a nutritional deficiency

Electrolytes (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) play an important role in muscle contraction. When the balance is off, you may be more prone to those twitches, twinges, and weaknesses. Your doctor may want to consider If you’re running low on any of these. A healthy diet is your best bet against falling short, and good-for-you foods often supply a range of electrolytes. For instance, yoghurt and bananas both contain potassium and magnesium.

8) You’re dehydrated

When you’re parched, you’re prone to spasms. When the water level in your body is low, it throws off the electrolyte balance in your body. It often happens to athletes exercising long and hard in hot weather. A sports drink can replace lost electrolytes if you’ve been doing a high-intensity activity for more than 45 to 60 minutes in the heat.

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Is it good to use pre-workout?

The whole process of working out has a lot of aspects associated with it; there is an overall process with a lot of things to follow if one thinks of working out. But, workouts cannot be just all about physical activities, it revolves around the various supplements that we take while carrying out physical activities. If one takes supplements along with the workout sessions, the process of losing weight, gaining weight, or maintaining fitness may become easier.

What is the purpose of pre-workout?

The purpose of the pre-workout is to help you recover from the fatigue of intense exercise. One of the common ingredients in pre-workout is caffeine, which can keep you focused, give you energy, and improve your overall performance.

Using a pre-workout can be beneficial in many ways, and it has been reported in multiple surveys. We will dive deeper into the various aspects of pre-workout in this article to better understand this. 

What is the main advantage of pre-workout?

The main advantage of taking pre-workout supplements on a consistent basis is to keep the energy maintained in the body. You may feel less energetic or drained out at certain points during your regular gym regime. With the help of supplements, you will then be able to replenish the required energy or work on muscle maintenance the way you wish to achieve them. 

Do pre-workout work as a good supplement for your body?

Pre-workout is always good to use as a supplement. But before using that you should know which one suits your requirement and works as the best pre-workout supplement for your body type. For a desirable outcome, you should definitely check the nutrition label for the following list of ingredients:

  • Taurine – This is a sulfonic acid. It makes a contribution to the maintenance of the metabolism of fats, and also it helps with the fight against oxidative stress while the workouts are on. 
  • Vitamin B – All the various vitamin B types are very significant for the production of energy it is not just that there is more to it. Vitamin B 12 supports the production of blood also. Also, the intake of vitamin B helps repair DNA and makes a way for healthier skin. 
  • No2 boosters – The NO2 boosters help with the expansion of veins and arteries. This way blood flowing becomes easy in and around the whole body. 

Above all this, the composition of the best pre-workout should also have some amount of caffeine. But, it should be limited as taking in excess caffeine can cause insomnia and other health-related issues. 

In addition to pre-workout supplements, one should also consider taking whole foods. Some examples of pre-workout whole foods include:

  • Coffee
  • Whole grain bread with protein intake 
  • Yoghurt
  • Cheese 
  • Eggs

In most cases, taking a pre-workout is safe and helpful, but we still need to give in to the fact that supplements are not natural, and therefore depending on the body type, these supplements may have their own side effects that may not harm the user but can cause major discomfort.

The following are some of the side effects one may feel on the body because of the supplements:

  • Increase in the levels of water retention – Creatine in some of the supplements can lead to increased water retention in the body. So, one will need to keep a check on the creatine intake.
  • Mild Reactions – Some ingredients, such as beta-alanine and Vitamin B3, may cause reactions in the body. Excessive intake of these ingredients may lead to a tingling sensation in the hands and feet. This will be harmless for the nervous system, but it can be discomforting for the user.
  • Digestion Issues – In the initial days of taking a pre-workout supplement, one may face digestion-related issues. One way of dealing with this is to consume plenty of water together with the supplements.

Conclusion

It can be good to use pre-workout for better results and performance. But as we have discussed above, there are many precautions and considerations you need to keep in mind when planning to start using it.

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5 Tips for Running Your Best 5K

The 5k (3.11 miles) race is one of the most popular running events around the world. Whether you are looking to boost your speed or finish your first race, the 5k is an excellent opportunity to get your initial taste of racing and have fun.

However, despite its quite short distance, it’s easy for more experienced racers to overlook personal training. At the same time, knowing what to expect from the race may be difficult if you are new to running. Here are some tips to help you run your best 5k.

1.   Start getting familiar with 2k and 10k runs

Executing the 5k is not just about running 5k all the time. The game’s name means increasing aerobic ability while building an internal battery that never dies. Combining your 5k with shorter 2k to 3k runs and longer 7k to 10k ones can improve your stamina and speed and prepare you for a good time for a 5K.

2.   Get your race outfit ready

Check the weather to know what to expect during the race, and dress appropriately for cold, hot, or rainy weather. A good rule is to dress as if the weather is 15 degrees warmer than normal. That’s how much you can get warm once you begin running. You can wear warmer clothes if it’s chilly as you wait for the race to start.

3.   Warm up before the race

You don’t have time to raise your heart rate or ease your muscles and joints into a 5k race stride. Your body has to be prepared to function at high intensity right from the beginning. Warming up will prepare you both physically and mentally for the upcoming race. Warm up for 30 to 40 minutes before the race begins by jogging for about five to 10 minutes and walking briskly for five minutes to the starting line.

4.   Recruit friends to cheer you or run with you

Running is often more exciting when you have a support team ready to encourage you until you get there and applaud you at the finish line. Seeing your friends generally boosts your mood, and you will have pictures to remind you how much fun you were having. Getting friends to run with you can turn the race into a social event and a celebratory brunch afterwards.

5.   Stay well-hydrated

Drinking too much water before the race will leave you feeling bloated and can dilute electrolytes responsible for optimum muscle contraction. Diluted electrolytes levels may lead to cramping or muscle weakness and, in serious cases, cause hyponatremia.

The day before the race, drink as much fluids as possible to stay hydrated. This may include coconut water, coffee, tea, sports drink, or juice. On the morning of the race, drink 16 ounces of water two to three hours before the start of the race to give your body time to process additional fluid. Drink another one to two cups right before the gun is fired.

Endnote

Whether you are a seasoned athlete or a novice runner, it’s easy to get caught up in all the emotion and excitement at the start of the 5k race. Remember to stick to your plan, take a deep breath and run your race. While it might be challenging along the way, remember that this is your moment, and every step you make counts toward achieving your goal.

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Looking After Your Running Shoes For Ultimate Comfort

A recent study done by the University of Arizona found that the average pair of shoes had 2,887 units of bacteria on the inside and a massive 421,000 units on the outside. Added to this is the additional sweat from running, and soon your shoes can become damp, smelly and extremely uncomfortable. Keeping your shoes clean and dry is essential for your comfort, otherwise, they can rub, causing chafing and blisters, and making you sore. If they are not clean, the bacteria can also cause a host of other problems including athletes’ feet and fungal infections. Fortunately, there are simple ways that you can look after your running shoes so that they are comfortable every single time you wear them. 

Washing your shoes

Regularly washing your running shoes will prevent them from getting smelly. Putting your shoes in the washing machine is one of the simplest ways to get them clean. You shouldn’t just throw them straight into the drum however, first you should carefully remove any laces and insoles. Put these in a pillowcase or a separate bag – this will prevent the laces from getting tangled too. Place your shoes in another bag and tie this up tightly. When you put your shoes in the washing machine, throw in a few old towels in the machine too, so that your shoes aren’t bumping around in the drum. Wash your shoes on the lowest speed and temperature setting possible – this will prevent them from shrinking. After they come out of the machine, fill your shoes with kitchen paper and leave them to dry naturally – never put them in the dryer. 

Keeping your shoes dry

Wet and damp places are a breeding ground for bacteria, which is why you should make sure that your running shoes are given time to dry out in between each run. When you get home, remove the insoles and stuff your shoes with newspaper. If you push the newspaper right down into the toes of your shoes, it will help them to retain their shape, so that they remain comfortable for longer. It takes around 48 hours for the foam in your shoes to properly decompress after a run, so it is advisable to use a second pair if you are going out running before then. 

Storing your shoes

Running shoes should be treated like a bottle of fine wine and given plenty of space to breathe when you store them. Don’t just throw them into the cupboard with a load of other shoes, and certainly don’t put anything on top of your running shoes, as they are very pliable and will easily get crushed. When you put your shoes away, sprinkle a little baking soda into them – this will help them to stay smelling fresh and dry. 

If you look after your running shoes, they will stay comfortable and also support your feet better. With some good TLC, you could get as many as 500 miles out of your shoes too. 

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How Can Yoga Improve Your Sleep Quality? A Step-by-Step Guide

The problem might be a little deeper if you’ve been struggling with getting proper sleep despite trying out several medicines and a host of sleeping positions. Lack of sleep can have various causes unrelated to how or where you sleep. Physical inactivity is one of the most common causes of insomnia, diminished sleep quality, or reduced sleep.

Being lazy during the day can mean not being tired enough to sleep at night. And this eventually can lead to severe complications and problems like headaches, reduced appetite, obesity, and several others.

Yoga is one of the best ways to tackle the lack of sleep due to lethargy and physical inactivity. Yoga is a type of meditation that helps your body relax and lose calories simultaneously. It’s an Indian form of meditation famous worldwide for its fitness benefits and mental healing properties. While super advanced yoga may not seem feasible to many people, there are several easy yoga poses you can do to ensure you have a healthy sleep. Hence, Sarah Wagner from SleepIslandDreams.com is here to your rescue! Below, I have listed a host of yoga positions that can help you improve your sleep every night.

Yoga Positions to Help you Sleep Better

1.   Shavasana

If you perform yoga regularly or during the day, you must know that Shavasana typically comes at the end of a long and relaxing session. This position is a relaxer that helps you unwind your muscles while ridding your body of pain.

To perform this asana, here are  the steps:

  • Step 1: Lie flat on your back. Put your arms beside you and ensure the palms are right underneath your back. Stretch your arms and legs such that they’re fully relaxed.
  • Step 2: Take a deep breath and hold it for a few seconds before releasing.
  • Step 3: Repeat this process and ensure you focus on breathing well.

2.   Sapta Baddha Konasana

This pose is well suited for a light leg workout and a great yoga pose. Sapta Baddha Konasana is pretty easy to perform as well.

Here’s how you can do it too

  • Step 1: Lie flat on your back with your knees bent. Make sure your ankles are touching each other.
  • Step 2: Holding the legs together at the ankle and using it like an axis, move your legs opposite each other, as if performing a butterfly wing motion with your thighs.
  • Step 3: Keep repeating the motion, letting your legs fall to the side as far as they would go while remaining joined at the ankles.

3.   Viparita Karani

This yoga position is also fantastic for relaxing and stretching your legs simultaneously. It also gives a great workout to your lower body, but nothing too extreme.

Here are the steps you need to follow to perform this Yoga position:

  • Step1: Lie at a 90-degree angle against the nearest wall. Put your legs up on the wall and keep lying on the floor.
  • Step 2: Be in the same position for a few minutes while taking deep breaths.
  • Step 3: Your body should ideally form an L with the wall.

Apart from these, you can always perform high-intensity yoga like vinyasa in the mornings. The other asanas are okay to do at night, but if you don’t usually eat after working out or before it, you can work out on it anytime unless otherwise demanded by the position.

Conclusion

The yoga poses mentioned above all have a calming effect on your mind and body and make you slightly more tired for sleep. They’re also easy to learn and perform every day.

For some of them, you don’t even have to sit or stand. You can even use cushions and pillows to be more comfortable in the yoga positions you practise.

So the next time you’re having trouble sleeping, skip the medications and try the methods suggested by us earlier. Have more questions about sleeping well and doing yoga with enthusiasm? Leave them for us in the comments down below.

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7 Reasons Why Sugar Is Bad For You

A high sugar diet can be harmful to your health for several reasons, from depression to heart disease.

1) Sugar hurts your heart

Researchers at Harvard University studied thousands of adults over the course of 15 years and found those who consumed 25 per cent or more of their daily kilojoules from sugar were, in that time, more than twice as likely to die from heart disease as those whose diets included less than 10 per cent of added sugar a day. Among the worst offenders are sweetened beverages, grain-based snacks, fruit drinks, and dairy desserts.

2) Sugar won’t make kids hyper… It’s worse than that

A Journal of the American Medical Association meta-analysis found that sugar does not affect children’s behaviour. Instead, it spikes blood pressure and cholesterol.

3) Your sugar intake

In Australia, the average person consumes 60 grams of sugar a day, which is around 14 teaspoons. It is well above the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) recommended daily limit of six teaspoons for women and nine teaspoons for men.

4) Sugar is as bad for your liver as alcohol

Fruit sugars, such as fructose, are processed in the liver, but other sugars are not. Increasing consumption of foods with added sweeteners has led to an increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The liver breaks down excess fructose into fat globules that travel through the bloodstream and lodge around your midsection and internal organs. Similar to alcohol-induced liver damage, NAFLD causes inflammation and scarring. It is one of the leading causes of liver transplants.

5) Sugar may keep us up at night

According to a 2016 study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, eating more sugar (in combination with less fibre and saturated fat) leads to lighter, more disrupted, and less restorative sleep.

6) Sugar disrupts with our cholesterol

A 2010 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that as added-sugar intake increased, HDL (good cholesterol) levels dropped, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, women who ate more added sugar had higher levels of LDL density (bad cholesterol).

7) Sugar can make affect your mood

In the long run, eating ice cream after a bad day may only make you feel worse. Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center found that post-menopausal women consuming diets high in added sugars and refined grains were at an increased risk of new-onset depression. In contrast, those who consumed dietary fibre, whole grains, vegetables and unprocessed fruits had a decreased risk.

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Becoming a Better Runner: A How-To Guide

Running is a popular hobby for a lot of people. It is a great way to get fit, increase your stamina, and improve your muscle tone, and it can do wonders for your mental health. Most people have a goal in mind when they start running, whether that is a certain mileage or a number of minutes. However, once that goal is met, it is easy to become complacent. After you have reached your goals, you need to start thinking about refining your technique which is why we have put together the following guide, let’s get into it.

Perfecting Your Form

In order to become a better runner, you obviously will need to perfect your form. Working on your form can be tricky, and often there is a little trial and error involved. There are a ton of resources online which can educate you on how your gait should look while running. Improper form can tire you out more quickly and increase your risk of injury. For example, your arms shouldn’t be swinging too much, the foot needs to strike the ground under your centre mass, and the ankles should be locked, but the rest of the legs should be relatively relaxed. A few small tweaks can really help you to improve your form making you quicker, and more efficient and also decreasing your risk of injury.

Incorporate Strength & Speed Training into Your Work Out Routine

Those who prefer cardio like running often neglect weight training; however, weight training can help when it comes to refining and improving your technique. Think about it, the stronger your legs are, the more powerful they are, which means you will be able to run faster and for longer. Training your upper body can help to correct your form and also increase your stamina which means you are less likely to get fatigued. Weight training doesn’t necessarily have to include weights, nor does it have to take place in a gym; it can also mean bodyweight exercises like squats, push-ups, and lunges.

If getting faster is one of your goals, then it would make sense to also incorporate speed training. Interval training is a great place to start. This means varying your runs with sprinting intervals. If you run on a treadmill, you could also try tempo training which means running at a higher pace than you usually would, although you shouldn’t be gasping for air during these tempo runs. Eventually, your pace will begin to increase to form a new baseline, and you will become faster.

Consider Your Energy Sources

Your diet has a lot to do with how effective your workouts are and how you perform on your workouts too. The body needs to be adequately fueled for your workouts. Everyone loves junk food now and then, but it can often leave you feeling sluggish and tired. Protein is key for exercise; it helps to build muscle and gives you energy. Finding ways to fit more protein into your diet is not always easy, which is why a lot of people prefer to use protein powders like the ones available from Ingredient Optimized; in addition to their products, they also have an informative blog which can teach you more about fast digesting protein and a number of other fitness tools, tricks and tips.

Slowly Increase Your Duration or Distance

Depending on whether you run for a certain number of minutes or for a certain distance, you should think about slowly increasing it. Increasing your runs is a great way to build your stamina as well as help you to get faster too. The increase needs to be proportionate to your ability, and your efforts. Don’t try to do too much too soon. If you usually run for thirty minutes, aim for forty or forty-five. If you measure your runs by miles or kilometres, think about increasing the distance by ten percent. Try to incorporate one long run a week into your routine.

Recovering Properly

All workout schedules should be arranged mindfully, with rest days included. For example, you should not be scheduling difficult runs back-to-back without giving yourself enough time to rest and recover. Rest days serve a purpose both physically and mentally. They help to ensure that your muscles and your body are repaired and ready for the next work out as well as allowing you a break mentally. Your rest days can look however you want them to. For example, it might be limited physical activity and an early night, or it might be an active rest day where you still participate in physical activity or even work out, but it should all be designed to be low impact.

In the End

Realistically, the best thing that you can do in order to become a better runner is simply to run. Be consistent and work towards your goals. You need to be patient; a lot of new runners are put off by slow progress and abandon their efforts soon after. Becoming a better runner will take time. Try breaking your bigger goals down into more manageable and achievable increments to spur you on.

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The Best Supplements For Better Health

It is difficult to know which dietary supplement to take for optimal health. From incredible promises on labels hinting that what is in the bottle is vital to cure any sickness under the sun to Instagram influencers selling their must-have concoction, determining which supplements and ensuring there are worth taking might be overwhelming.

Taking supplements can help you acquire the required daily supply of vitamins and minerals your body needs to function properly. While consuming a well-balanced diet is the best way to receive your vitamins and minerals, a supplement can help fill in the nutritional gaps in your diet.

Here are several to consider if you are thinking about adding a daily supplement to your healthy living regimen.

Before buying, ensure you get professional medical advice from a qualified healthcare professional. While supplementation may not suit everyone’s needs, it can fill in nutritional gaps that are relatively common and can help people reach their health objectives easily.

Which vitamins are best for your daily dietary supplements

Vitamin A

Vitamin A, commonly known as retinol, is a fat-soluble vitamin. Many dairy products and orange or yellow fruits and vegetables contain Vitamin A. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin A is 700mg for women and 900mg for males.

The benefits of Vitamin A:

  • Helps fight infection
  • Maintains good vision
  • It plays a crucial role in heart, lung, and kidney health
  • It keeps your skin healthy by fighting off toxins (also called free radicals).
  • Strengthens your teeth and bones

Vitamin D

It is estimated that 88% of the American population does not get enough Vitamin D. Although the body naturally creates vitamin D through sun exposure, the sun is frequently insufficient to fulfil its needs.

Many factors reduce the body’s capacity to convert sunlight to vitamin D, including decreased sun exposure during the winter months, ageing, darker skin pigmentation, and sunscreen and UV-protective clothing.

Vitamin D is essential for bone integrity, neuromuscular function, a normal inflammatory response, calcium absorption, muscle strength, normal blood pressure, and a healthy immunological response.

According to research, optimal vitamin D levels are connected to fewer stress fractures, fewer injuries in sports, and lower risks of upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D supplementation has also been reported to alleviate headache and migraine symptoms.

Multivitamins                                                                                 

One of the most crucial vitamins for excellent health is a high-quality multivitamin. According to the CDC, most Americans cannot achieve their dietary requirements via food.

According to research, the food we eat now includes lesser quantities of vital vitamins and minerals than produced ingested decades ago, most likely owing to soil depletion.

Supporting a balanced diet with a high-quality multivitamin helps to guarantee that you are providing your body with the nutrients they require to function properly.

Fish oil supplements

Fish oil supplements supply the body with critical omega-3 fatty acids necessary for inflammatory regulation. Omega-3 fatty acids are vital for your health for various reasons, and they can only be gained through food and supplementation.

A healthy cardiovascular, respiratory, immunological, and musculoskeletal system needs adequate omega-3 levels. They have been found to manage blood pressure, maintain healthy body weight, regulate immunological function, boost muscle and joint health, and support a pleasant mood.

Most people need an average of 500-900mg of omega-3 fatty acids daily to achieve ideal levels. It is also advised that people eat three oily fish meals each week (such as salmon, crabs, sardines, and mackerel).

Magnesium

Magnesium is another crucial supplement for good health because it is necessary for over 600 enzyme activities in the body. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 75% of Americans do not reach the FDA’s Recommended Daily Intake.

Individuals who eat a high-processed-food diet, have diabetes, drink a lot of alcohol, take diuretics or proton pump inhibitors, have gastric conditions, suffer from Vitamin D deficiency, have been on long-term antibiotics, are at a higher risk of magnesium deficiency.

Low magnesium levels can cause problems with vitamin D metabolism, bone weakness, irregular heartbeat, blood pressure, blood sugar difficulties, irritability and anxiety, muscular cramps and spasms, and more.

Probiotics

Probiotics are valuable microorganisms that aid in the correct functioning of your gut. Because you digest and absorb nutrients through the stomach, probiotics are crucial supplements for maintaining gut health.

The gut also includes pathogens and harmful bacteria that can impair gut function and cause sickness and disease. Maintaining a healthy mix of “good” and “bad” bacteria in the gut is critical for general health.

When should you start taking supplements?

This varies depending on the individual. Higher-risk individuals may require supplementation sooner than others.

Adolescents with severe menstrual bleeding. Young vegans or vegetarians and youngsters with deficits or malabsorption problems may benefit from supplementation at an earlier age.

Vitamin supplementation may never be essential for healthy people who eat a balanced diet. As usual, consult your doctor to see if and when supplementation is appropriate for you.

Where to order supplements online?

With so many Vitamin and supplement products sold online, determining which website is genuine with trusted brands and the best price may be difficult. There are several websites for all of your vitamin and supplement requirements, whether you have a specific product in mind or are looking for top-rated brands.

It is critical to select a reputable online brand that offers high-quality supplements, such as Vitasave, trustworthy shipping, and the best price.

It is typically deemed safe to acquire vitamins online from well-known sites, plus shipping supplements online will save time. When deciding where to buy vitamins, it is advisable to conduct preliminary research. As a customer, it is critical to understand what information must appear on a supplement label.

The FDA requires five statements to appear on a label: the net quantity of contents statement (the amount of the dietary supplement), the statement of identity (the name of the dietary supplement), the nutrition labelling, the ingredient list, and the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor.

Return the vitamin supplement if any of the above are missing.

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Health care crisis – what can I do to help?

After the pandemic period, our society suffers a health care crisis, including physical and mental health. The European Commission released a new health program for the 2021-2027 period.  The program aims to strengthen prevention, surveillance, and crisis response. It allows the EU to invest in the creation of reserves for medical supplies, and the preparation of healthcare workers and experts. It is also planned to train health professionals to be deployed to various EU countries and to increase the resilience of health systems to achieve better health outcomes.

The EU Health Program will build up a long-term reserve of strategic medical supplies and other strategic reserves. But we live in a society where every person has the power to help prevent health care crises and strengthen their health and protect other people from diseases. In this article, we will talk about the most effective ways to improve our health and minimize visits to the doctor.

Exercising: a lot of pros

Sport has a very strong impact on our daily lives and health. The main idea is that it’s necessary to exercise for our better health, not to mention that it enriches and diversifies our daily routines. Incorporating sport into your routine or increasing daily physical activity can improve heart function, reduce the risk of diabetes, control your sugar increase in the bloodstream, and reduce tension and stress.

Physical activity improves our mood, increases our discipline, and at the same time leads to a better quality of life. In addition, physical activity improves our muscles, memory, and coordination. So, the reasons why exercising is healthy is not one.

Improve mental health: talk about your feelings

We are sociable creatures. The ability to share your feelings helps maintain good mental health, especially during difficult times in life. Expressing your feelings is not a sign of weakness. It is part of self-care and a healthy lifestyle. Speaking can be a method to deal with a problem that has plagued you for a long time. Being heard helps you feel understood and less lonely. It is a two-way process when we open up, encouraging others to open up at the same time.

A strong connection with family and close friends can help you cope with stress. Talking with your family and friends helps you feel loved and needed. They may offer a different approach to a variety of things that don’t give you peace of mind. Loved ones keep you active and help you solve practical problems. There is nothing better than talking to someone face-to-face and sharing your life impressions. If that’s not possible, try calling them, writing a note, or chatting online. Be open to different ways of communication, it benefits you! If you cannot talk with your relatives and loved ones, you can always call helplines for young people, children, and seniors.

NMN supplements: scientifically proven and efficient pill

Today, the National Library of scientists discovered the benefits of NMN. It is a scientifically proven fact that NMN can prolong our lives, reduce the risk of age-related illnesses, and can minimize older people’s visits to the doctors. One of the causes of ageing corresponds to a decrease in energy metabolism. People gain weight, suffer from decreased insulin sensitivity of tissue receptors, and decreased physical capacity of the body. In adulthood, we lose the ability to synthesize adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in our bodies. Researchers have proved that the use of NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) supplements, a precursor to NAD+ in the synthetic chain, can help to prolong longevity.

In nature, NMN is also found in nutritious plants – avocado, broccoli, cabbage, cucumbers, and beans. Experiments with laboratory mice show positive effects of NMN supplements use – improved muscle condition of mice, increased bone density, improved vision, increased tissue sensitivity to insulin, improved immune function, decreased body weight, and increased physical activity.

Diet: what should your plate look like?

Residents often choose cheaper, less biologically valuable foods, which has a negative impact on their health. Therefore, the World Health Organization encourages the Member States to take all measures to promote a healthy diet and reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases and their risk factors. If a person’s diet meets the physiological needs of the body, it will be based on the principles and basic rules of a healthy diet and people will stay fit and healthy. In addition, visits to the doctor will be minimized and prevention of health crises will be increased.

So, eat nutritious, varied, and plant-based foods. Eat cereals or potatoes, fresh local vegetables, and fruits (although 400 g per day). Maintain a normal body weight (body mass index: 18.5-25). Reduce fat intake, and replace animal fats high in saturated fatty acids with vegetable oils containing unsaturated fatty acids. It is also recommended to replace fatty meat and meat products with legumes, fish, poultry or lean meat, and milk products (sour milk, yoghurt, curd, cheese). Choose foods low in sugar, eat less refined sugar, sweet drinks, and sweets. Of course, eat regularly and drink plenty of fluids, especially water.

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Vitamins you need at every age

There are many advertisements touting supplements for health and wellbeing, but which ones are necessary? The answer is different at every age.

Vitamins are best obtained by eating a variety of fruits and vegetables. While getting enough nutrients from your diet is ideal, you might consider adding vitamins and supplements after consulting your doctor. Each age group needs a specific vitamin and mineral.

However, regardless of your age or stage of life, remember that more isn’t better when it comes to vitamins and minerals. Taking too much of any vitamin can be toxic; in other cases, you will just excrete it in your urine.

So, here’s what you need, depending on your age group:

Your tween and teen years

In these years, it is crucial to get enough vitamin D and calcium, says nutritionist Stephanie Schiff. “We need calcium for bone and muscle growth, but it doesn’t get absorbed as well without vitamin D,” she says. “These are the bone-building years for boys and girls, and if you don’t build enough bone, you will be prone to brittle bones later in life.” According to the National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements, tweens and teens should get 600 international units (IU) of vitamin D per day and 1,300 mg of calcium per day. Again, it’s always best to get nutrients from our food. Some tweens and teens may have special dietary needs depending on their diet or circumstances. Make it a habit to discuss diet and nutrition with your child’s doctor during their visits.

Your 20s

Keeping up with calcium and vitamin D is still important in your 20s, Schiff says. Depending on your diet, you may also need other vitamins or minerals at this age. For example, vegans often need extra vitamin B12, mainly found in animal products.

Woman pre-pregnancy and pregnancy

Childbearing tends to occur in the 20s and 30s for many women. You should take a prenatal vitamin containing folic acid and the B-complex vitamins if you plan to get pregnant. The time to start is before you get pregnant. Folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube birth defects, and other B vitamins help support a healthy pregnancy. Taking these vitamins may also reduce your babies’ autism risk. Women with heavy menstrual periods may need extra iron too. And don’t forget calcium and vitamin D.

Your 30s

Anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids will help lower the risk of heart disease. Fish like mackerel or salmon, which are fatty and good for your heart, should be eaten at least twice a week according to the American Heart Association (AHA). Also, getting enough calcium and vitamin D is especially important during your 30s.

Your 40s

Vitamin D becomes even more important in your 40s. A lack of vitamin D has been linked to many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune conditions, diabetes, and obesity, and the risks tend to increase with age. Food alone cannot supply all the D you need, and sunscreen prevents us from getting enough sun, so supplements may be needed. And don’t forget your calcium and omega-3s either, as heart disease risk climbs with age for men and women.

Your 50s

In your 50s, your calcium requirements rise to 1,200mg, and vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. It is because now, instead of building bone, you are preserving the bone you already have. Women are at greater risk for brittle-bone diseases such as osteoporosis than men and may need to take additional measures. Women may also be entering menopause during this decade, and certain natural remedies for menopause may help reduce symptoms.

Your 60s & 70s

Calcium and vitamin D matter greatly as you get older, such as in your 60s. Make sure you are getting all that you need from food or supplements. Heart health is important too, so ensure you get enough omega-3s.

In addition to calcium and vitamin D, you may need some extra B12 during your 70s. As you get older, it’s harder for your body to make and use B12, and supplements may be needed. Foods high in B12 include clams, liver and salmon.

Your 80s & 90s

Supplemental B12 may be necessary during your 80s too. Again, keep up with your calcium, vitamin D and omega-3 during your 80s, and make sure to inform your doctor about any changes to your diet or medications.

If you’re in your 90s, keep up whatever you’re doing, as it is likely working if you are enjoying this time of life.

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8 Unknown Facts about Personal Training

Staying in shape can prove challenging, which is why many folks spend their hard-earned money on personal trainers to help them reach their goals.

Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising on a regular basis can help improve your mental and physical health, so it’s not surprising people hire the best personal trainers available. Becoming a personal trainer might seem like a dream job for those who spend each day in the gym, but there is a lot more to becoming a top trainer than you might expect.

1. Most PTs don’t work regular hours

Although there are PTs out there that work 9-5, most fitness professionals work early in the morning or late at night to accommodate their clients. If you are looking to start your own personal training company, expect to work while your clients have free time.

Some people will take a break during work hours to exercise, but most wait until they have finished work. Personal trainers have to be flexible to satisfy their clients and don’t be surprised if customers ask you to train them over the weekend. Attracting new clients won’t be easy if you only work from 9-5 throughout the week.

2. They are good listeners

The best personal trainers are great a listening to their clients. Keep in mind, that most people hire personal trainers to help them achieve their goals. Each client will have a specific goal in mind they’d like to achieve such as:

  • Lose weight: The most common reason for a person to hire a PT is to shed a few pounds.
  • Gain muscle: Both women and men employ PTs to help them increase their muscle mass.
  • Maintain their current weight.
  • Stay fit

Most PTs will talk with their client about their goals before they begin training. A good trainer will listen carefully and take everything their client says into consideration before coming up with a workout schedule. Knowing what motivates their client is key to helping them hit their targets.

3. Safely workout

Of course, you don’t need to hire a personal trainer to stay in top shape. Some folks join a gym or exercise at home without any help from a professional.

However, if you are new to the fitness world, don’t be surprised if you sustain an injury while working out. A professional trainer will show you how to safely use exercise machines and how to warm up and warm down properly.

Recovering after a workout is of vital importance. Those keen to work out on a regular basis often hurt themselves due to overdoing it.

If you are considering joining a gym for the first time in the near future, you should ask a PT for help. If you don’t know what you are doing, you could sustain a serious injury that might prevent you from working out again.

If you have exercised in a commercial gym, you can probably tell the difference between a person who has had professional training to those who haven’t. Not only do novices put themselves in physical danger, but they’ll also struggle to reach their goals.

4. You don’t need a degree to become a personal trainer

Although you don’t need a degree to become a PT, you will need to know a lot of information about exercise science, diet plans, and different parts of the body. There are exercise-based courses out there, and a lot of personal training businesses that are looking to hire recruits will only employ trainers that have a degree, but you can still become a trainer without any formal education.

However, just because you are a fit person and go to the gym regularly doesn’t mean you should become a PT. The best PTs in the business often have a master’s degree in physiology. Plus, they know what motivates their trainees, and how to get the best out of them.

5. It’s not all about exercise

When personal trainers spring to mind, most people think they only show their trainees different exercises and techniques, but there is more to the job than you might think. To become a top PT you’ll need to be able to do the following:

  • Sell: At the end of the day, personal trainers provide a service. In most big cities and towns you’ll come across lots of different PTs providing similar services, which is why PTs need to know how to sell. Starting a career as a PT can be tough, especially for those without any clients. Nowadays, most modern PTs use popular social media platforms to advertise their services. Some use Facebook and Instagram ads to promote themselves, while others upload images and videos of their client’s progress to encourage others to use their service. It seems like maintaining an online presence can help bring a personal training business to the next level.
  • Nutritional guidance: There is no point in exercising day in and day out if you are not eating properly. A PT will often come up with a specific diet plan for each of their clients. Not all diet plans will be the same, because not everyone has the same metabolism, which is why PTs have to know all about nutrition before advising a client on what to eat.

6. PTs are good at organizing

Once a PT has several clients to work with, it’s vital that they organize their schedule. Here are some of the things PTs organize on a daily basis:

  • Create programs for their clients ahead of time.
  • Hire an accountant to keep track of their finances.
  • Make sure each client is up-to-date with payments.
  • Confirm the client is taking the gym session.
  • They will have to prepare a spreadsheet that shows income and expenses.

7. They prepare different workouts for different clients

If everybody had the same body and wanted to achieve the same goals there wouldn’t be a need for a personal trainer. Everyone could follow the same schedule and the same diet plan, but thats simply not the case.

Most PTs will spend a lot of time talking with their clients before preparing a workout and diet plan. This is another reason a PT should know their stuff. Even if two separate people want to achieve the same goal, the trainer might come up with two completely different workout plans to suit their body type and their mindset. For example, if an overweight person is hoping to gain muscle mass, the PT might encourage them to work on their cardio and focus on lifting light weights. If an underweight person is hoping to gain muscle mass, the PT might advise them to avoid doing any cardio and focus on lifting heavy weights but only doing a few reps each time.

8. A PT will know when to stop

Personal trainers will know their client’s physical limitations. During the first training session, you can expect a PT to keep a close on how flexible you are and if they notice any muscle imbalance. This is why during your first sessions they will ask you to perform basic exercise techniques. Don’t be surprised if they ask you about your medical history either. The more information they have about your current physical condition the easier it is for them to come up with a specific workout and diet plan.

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Macro and Micro Nutrients — The Essential Elements of A Runner’s Diet

A runner’s diet influences how the body is fueled for a workout, as well as what nutrient resources are available to recover after a run. These both impact various aspects of the body, including energy levels, performance, strength, and injury risk, according to Marathon Handbook. With that in mind, understanding the importance of elements in a runner’s diet — i.e. macro and micronutrients — is essential in gaining the benefits involved as a professional athlete

The importance of proper nutrition

When breaking down the ideal runner’s diet, nutrition plays a major role, particularly when it comes to ensuring there is a healthy balance of key macro and micronutrients. A runner’s diet plan typically consists of a balance of the three macronutrients, according to Medical News Today — aka carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates, for starters, are important in a runner’s diet as they’re broken down easily by the body during exercise, making them a major fuel source. Carbohydrates can be found in foods like pasta, whole fruit, and brown rice. Protein is also essential, as it’s responsible for building and repairing muscles, bones, and tissues. On the other hand (and equally as important), healthy fats, which can be found in foods like avocados, should also be worked in, as they’re beneficial to maintaining a balanced diet and are important for nerve function

While each individual’s ideal balance of macronutrients will vary, the Institute of Medicine notes that people should aim to consume a balance of 45-65% carbohydrates, 10-35% protein, and 20-35% fat. While the ideal balance of macronutrients (aka vitamins and minerals) varies based on the individual, Medical News Today further notes that by focusing on eating plenty of veggies and fruits, one will typically consume enough micronutrients along the way. Additionally, it’s worth mentioning that calories play a major role in any runner’s diet as well, and should sustain one’s training program appropriately.

How the Mediterranean diet fits in

Although there are a vast array of popular and trendy diets out there, looking into the Mediterranean diet may prove to be particularly beneficial to runners. While meats, cheeses, and sweets are typically avoided, the Mediterranean diet includes beans, fish, fruits, potatoes, vegetables, and olive oil, to name just a few key foods, meaning you’ll be able to get a good balance of macro and micro nutrients. As for performance-specific benefits, one 2019 study that consisted of a small group of 5K runners highlights a potential benefit. The study involved the participants racing after four days of consuming a Western diet, then repeating the race after four days of a Mediterranean diet. The end result found that even after four days of a Mediterranean diet led to 6% faster 5K times (aka more than a minute off an 8-minute/mile 5K). To get help with creating a personalized plan, Healthline recommends considering working with a sports dietitian, which will aid in ensuring you’re dieting in a way that’s healthy for you and meets your individual needs/goals.

Going on a diet may sound easy enough, though there is a multitude of key aspects to keep in mind in ensuring you’re going about things in a healthy and safe way, especially as a professional runner. With the essential elements of a runner’s diet in mind, consulting with a professional such as a sports dietician can be helpful in ensuring you’re on a plan that’s right for you.

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How healthy is coconut water or your favourite coconut shake?

Or how does it compare with coconut milk, coconut oil and coconut flesh? Here’s what you need to know about coconuts from the Dietetic & Food Services at Changi General Hospital (CGH).

The humble coconut, once only found at hawker centres and used for nasi lemak and bubur cha cha, has seen its popularity skyrocket lately. Coconut oil products have slowly been making their way onto the mass market since hip and innovative drinks infused with coconut are becoming wildly popular.

But are the many health benefits surrounding a coconut actually true? Let our dietitians from Dietetic & Food Services at Changi General Hospital (CGH), a member of the SingHealth group, lay down the facts for you!

Coconut shake vs coconut water vs coconut milk vs coconut oil vs coconut flesh

Coconut shake

You might not know that a regular-sized cup of your favourite coconut shake could contain up to 350 calories and 20 grams of fat.

“Coconut shakes and dessert drinks contain not only natural sugars but also added sugars/syrups as well as fats, in particular saturated fats from coconut flesh, coconut ice-cream/coconut cream or milk that is present in common recipes,” said Dietitian Miko Yeo.

Saturated fats can increase LDL cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol) levels, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. High-calorie beverages can also contribute to excessive calorie intake and obesity, just as sugar-filled drinks such as bubble tea and sweetened drinks can,” Yeo added.

Here’s how you can enjoy coconut shakes in a healthier way, you can:

  • Choose to avoid added sugars/syrups at the point of purchase ​– requesting for 0% sugar level
  • Avoid upsizing the beverage
  • Try making it yourself, and replace coconut ice cream, coconut milk/cream often used in common recipes, with low fat or skim milk and avoid adding sugar

Coconut water/juice

Coconut water is touted as a great tool to rehydrate after exercise or a bout of diarrhoea as electrolytes such as potassium, sodium and manganese are present. However, plain water works just as well for hydration under most circumstances. Do note that coconut water contains at least 50kcal and up to 10g of sugar per 250ml (1 cup).

Coconut milk

Unlike coconut water, coconut milk does not occur naturally but rather results from the reconstitution of coconut flesh and water.

Coconut milk is a source of several vitamins and minerals essential to our body. One cup of coconut milk (250ml) contains 600 calories, while one cup of coconut cream (canned) contains 1500 calories, most of which are fat calories. Coconut milk is rich in saturated fat, which has been shown to raise harmful Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. High LDL cholesterol levels increase one’s risk of heart diseases and stroke.

Coconut oil

Coconut oil should be taken in limited quantities due to high saturated fat content. Coconut oil has also seen a boom in topical use as a product for the hair and skin due to its postulated moisturising and anti-inflammatory properties. While hairstylists and beauty specialists swear by coconut oil products, these benefits have yet to be substantiated by medical studies.

Many health claims for coconut oil can be attributed to the presence of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). MCTs are posited to aid in weight loss, because they are more efficiently turned into energy. However, studies have yet to be conclusive, and any excess MCT will still be stored as fat in the body. It should also be qualified that commercial coconut oil contains mostly lauric acid, which is not an MCT.

Coconut flesh

The fleshy interior of the coconut provides 175kcal per coconut (50g of flesh). It contains 4g fibre, which may be useful for digestion and satiety. Similar to coconut oil and milk, the flesh also contains high levels of saturated fat.

Coconut contains many vitamins and minerals, and if you enjoy it, keep eating it. The keyword is: Moderation! Don’t go (coco)nuts!

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The Complete Guide to the Best Supplements for Bone Health

There are many different supplements that can help to improve the health of your bones. This article will help you find the best one for your needs.

The first thing you should do is consult with your doctor to see if there are any vitamin deficiencies that need to be addressed or medications that could affect bone health. After consulting with your doctor, it is important to understand what kind of supplement would work best for you, as there are many different options available. The supplements can be taken orally, through topical application, or a combination of both.

It is important to remember that a supplement alone will not have the same effect as a healthy diet and exercise routine; however, they can provide additional benefits when used in conjunction with these lifestyle changes.

Introduction: Do You Need to Take a Supplement to Support Your Bone Health?

A supplement is a product that you take to help you maintain a healthy lifestyle. Supplements for your bone health can be taken as tablets, capsules, or liquids. They are often used to replace certain nutrients which are not consumed enough through food. Or they can be taken to improve the body’s ability to absorb and use nutrients from food.

There are many different types of supplements available on the market. Some people take supplements because they have been prescribed by their doctor or healthcare professional. Others may have heard that they will help them lose weight, build muscle, or improve their health in other ways and decide to try them out for themselves.

Why Vitamin D is Important for Bone Health

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is found in certain foods and can also be made by the human body. Deficiency of this vitamin can lead to bone diseases like rickets and osteomalacia.

The most common way to get Vitamin D is from the sun, usually through exposure to ultraviolet B rays. However, not everyone has enough exposure to the sun for their body to produce adequate levels of Vitamin D.

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with several different conditions including cancer, depression, diabetes and chronic pain.

Which Vitamin D Supplement is the Most Effective?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for bone health and immunity. It can be obtained through food and supplements.

Vitamin D supplements are widely available in the market, but it’s not always easy to know which supplement is the most effective.

The most important thing to consider when choosing a supplement is the amount of vitamin D in it. The recommended daily intake of vitamin D for adults is 600 IU (international units) per day, so you should choose a supplement that contains at least this amount.

The next thing to consider would be whether or not you have any other medical conditions or take any medications that might interact with the supplement and change its effectiveness, such as diabetes medication or antacids.

What Are the Most Important Minerals for Bone Health?

Minerals are essential for the development and maintenance of bone health. They are needed for bone formation, bone mineralization, and the production of hormones that regulate calcium levels in our bodies.

The most important minerals for bone health are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. These minerals play an important role in the prevention of osteoporosis and other diseases that affect the bones.

What are some Other Supplements that Support Bone Health?

Calcium is a mineral that is important for the health of your bones. It helps to form and maintain strong, healthy bones and teeth.

Some other supplements that support bone health are vitamin D, magnesium, vitamin K2, potassium, boron, phosphorus and silicon.

Conclusion: Your Final Answer on the Best Supplements for Bone Health

To sum up this article, the best supplements for bone health are calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium.

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10 Silent Symptoms Of A Heart Attack

Symptoms of a heart attack can be described as an excruciating, chest-clenching feeling. Nevertheless, health authorities note that in a large number of cases, this tell-tale pain may not be what an individual is experiencing.

In fact, the Australia’s Heart Research Institute estimates that of the 57,000 heart attacks that occur in Australia each year, 15 per cent of these are ‘silent’ heart attacks. A silent heart attack is accompanied by relatively mild or no symptoms. The damage is done but an individual is not aware of it.

Therefore, it is crucial to identify silent heart attack symptoms as soon as possible. This is because the sooner you get treatment, the greater the chance of you surviving without permanently damaging your heart.

In an effort to help you recognize the subtle symptoms of a heart attack, Reader’s Digest spoke with cardiologists and other health experts.

1) Feeling like you’re being hugged tightly

Chest pain associated with heart attacks is often described as sharp, stabbing, or dull. However, a heart attack can sometimes feel like pressure and heaviness on your chest, or as if you are being tightened up, says Dr Jim Liu.

2) Fatigue

Dr Rosen observes that fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of a heart attack she sees, especially in female patients. “In my 25 years of practice, people on the verge of a heart attack report feeling tired and not able to do their usual activities,” says Dr Rosen.

During a heart attack, blood flow to the heart is reduced. This puts extra stress on the muscle, which is a reason this feeling of exhaustion can occur. If you’re feeling fatigued, it’s best to consult your doctor. They will decide if an electrocardiogram (EKG), which checks heart activity – or another heart test – is necessary.

3) Soreness in the back, arms, or chest

Back and chest pain, as well as pain in any arm – not just the left – are often signs of a silent heart attack. Dr Rosen explains that people tend to ignore the pain since it is not accompanied by the chest heaviness that is typically associated with a heart attack.

The pain may feel like a pulled or sore muscle or ache as if you slept on it wrong. It may also come and go or remain constant. To be safe, if the pain is something new and it isn’t going away, you should talk to your doctor about it, even if it’s a body part that isn’t usually associated with the heart, she says.

4) Pain during exercise

Dr. Liu says one commonly overlooked symptom of a heart attack is chest, arm, shoulder, or back pain that only occurs during exercise.

If you have a partial blockage in your coronary arteries, that can limit blood flow to your heart, causing a feeling of weakness and pain. The pain may stop when you stop exercising, as the heart doesn’t need as much blood flow, or it may continue even during rest. Both can be concerning signs of heart disease – but, Dr Liu suggests, the former may suggest a heart attack has already occurred; while the latter may mean one is imminent.

5) Seemingly unusual shortness of breath

A trip up stairs is usually no problem, but if suddenly you feel like you are gasping for air, this may mean you are having a heart attack.“Women especially tell me they noticed feeling fatigued or breathless while walking up steps or carrying groceries when they normally wouldn’t,” says Dr Rosen.

6) Throat, neck, or jaw discomfort

Unexpected discomfort in the neck or jaw, or tightness in the throat can indicate a heart attack, says Dr Kini. You should contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of those symptoms. It’s especially important for people with diabetes to pay attention to subtle changes like this.

7) Sweating for no reason

Hot flashes, cold sweats, and night sweats may be dismissed as a sign of hormone imbalance or aging, but excessive sweating can be an indication of a serious health concern.

A subtle symptom of a heart attack can be sweating even when you are not exercising or otherwise physically active. The sweating may come on suddenly and seemingly for no reason, or you may wake up drenched.

8) Vertigo or fainting

You may experience light-headedness, dizziness, or even faintness if the room feels like it is spinning. Vertigo may also trigger nausea and hot flashes.

Note: Women are often more likely to report this symptom than men – just one example of how heart attack symptoms can feel different for women.

9) Heartburn or belching

If you have an occasional heartburn flare-up after a heavy lunch, it may be nothing to worry about. However, if it’s out of the ordinary or you haven’t experienced heartburn before, Dr Liu suggests you see your doctor.

Angina, a heartburn-like chest pain, is caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart that can signal a heart attack.

10) Stomach upset

Dr Rosen says heart attack symptoms can sometimes mimic stomach problems such as nausea, vomiting, or overall gastrointestinal upset – especially in women. “If you don’t feel well, always call your doctor. It could be that taco you had at 10pm but it could also be a heart attack,” she says.

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